Marketing Goods & Services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

marketing Goods & Services - Essay ExampleWhereas Aldus consumers secure goods and services for a variety of reasons, which may include slight tangible considerations of status, industrial buyers tend to be much concerned with the utility of the product in their possess process, as well as its contribution to their costs. In this case, organisational buying is institutionalized and is often carried prohibited by professionals using formalized procedures involving quotations and contracts and often as part of a close on-going relationship surrounded by buyer and seller.C. These issues ar closely connected with the positioning of Aldus. Trying to penetrate in to two markets Aldus locates a brand in customers minds over and against competitors in terminal figures of attributes and benefits that the brand does and does not offer. For Aldus, positioning is used in conjunction with the segmentation variables and targeting strategies. Aldus, as a consumer goods company, engages in differentiated target marketing, offering a overflowing range of brands within a given product category. Each product line is positioned slightly differently. Consumer and organizational markets need positioning by attribute or benefit, quality and price, use and drug user, and competitor. The case study shows that Aldus became a multi-product and multi-segment company with the acquisition and distribution rights (Aldus, Corporation, 2002).D. Behavior segmentation focuses on whether or not people buy and use a product, as well as how often, and how much they use or consume. Consumers can be categorized in terms of usage rates-for example, heavy, medium, light, and non-user. Consumers can also be segmented according to user status potential users, non-users,... Marketing as an activity is carried out in a variety of contexts. The most(prenominal) obvious context is of course the sale of goods and services to end-users. The main assumption is that new forms of organization ar re quired as a strategic response to the combined effects of market stagnation, technological change, increase uncertainty, and reductions in the working week. Two types of goods commonly result from a production system services and products. Generally, products are physical goods, such as a personal computer, and services are abstract or nonphysical. Consumer and organizational markets has some differences, which is essential for successful marketing activity. Organizational marketing is a more useful term since it can accurately embrace any marketing exchange between two or more organizations (McDonald, Christopher, 2003). Organizations like Aldus engages in marketing when they sell finished goods to a variety of different sources. The problems connected with organizational buyer include comparatively low price of goods, long contracting, which, in some cases, does not fancy the needs of changing economic environment and market conditions. Organizational buyers can reduce price con troversy involves businesses trying to undercut each others prices this will, in turn, be dependent upon their ability to reduce their costs of production. The intrust of a group of managers for a larger market share for their products may result in a low price strategy to build up demand.

Bussiness Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Bussiness Ethics - Essay ExampleAlthough, some manufacturers made deliveries to IKEA, mostly at night to avoid being seen, IKEA thought of other strategic options to counter this problem, and one among them is outsourcing.This made IKEA to go scouting abroad for manufacturers and Kamprad entered into contracts with number of factories in Poland, thus seeding more outsourcing. It was this early conclusiveness of Kamprad to seek least(prenominal) expensive alternatives to domestic manufacturing of the products turned out to be a more profitable avenue for IKEA to take. As, this outsourcing strategy reduced the costs of production, it is able to offer affordable or cheap prices to the customer, thereby bringing in more customers. IKEA currently works with 1,300 suppliers in 53 countries, but Kamprad made the pioneering decision to source furniture from communist Poland as early as 1961. Since manufacturing costs were 50% lower in Poland than in Sweden, his decision looks brilliant i n hindsight. (Barthelemy 2006). Importantly, IKEA continued as well as extended its outsourcing strategy to other countries peculiarly 1980s and 90s, particularly to Asian countries like India, China, Pakistan, Philippines, etc, where they can access cheap labour. Although, outsourcing to these countries gave IKEA a cost-efficient option, it also led to the rise of ethical issues and controversies, both from the economic as well as policy-making perspectives, thereby making or even forcing IKEA to come up with Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) establish activities.IKEA outsourced to the Asian countries many of its manufacturing processes including making of carpet, rugs, wicker baskets, etc. That is, in starting from 1970s and more prominently from 1990s, they found many local manufacturers cum suppliers, who would manufacture the products and supply to them with IKEA label. This turned out to be a productive and profitable option, as IKEA was able to get good productivity f or cheaper prices, when compared to the

Micro & Macro Economic Analysis - Electronic Arts Coursework

Micro & Macro Economic Analysis - Electronic Arts - Coursework Example in like manner if one variable falls, the other is destined too as well. Today In the modern ground, the opening of demand and affix seizes more emphases of business analysts in decision making. Demand and Supply theory in the modern world of fierce competition enfolds a great deal of attention for strategic homework to achieve competitive advantage everywhere rivals. The phrase Demand and Supply was first used by James Denham-Steuart in his book named Inquiry into the Political Economy which was published in 1767 (Steuart Denham et al, 1966). The theory discussed supra is supplemented by the characteristics of the mart in which the company exits. Conventionally there are four basic types of market structures. Perfect competition such markets have many buyers and sellers, none being able to influence harms. Oligopoly several(prenominal) large sellers who have some control over the prices. Monopoly single sel ler with considerable control over leave and prices. Monopsony single buyer with considerable control over demand and prices. The company with its gaming products operates in the Oligopolistic environment. Where there are several large producers but have a tendency to dominate study markets across the globe and influence some change in prices (Sloman, 2010). The concept of elasticity comes into play here. duck soup is the measurement of how changing one economic variable affects the other. Elasticity of demand can be of tercet basic types Price elasticity of demand measuring the dynamics of the quantity demanded by the change in price. Income elasticity of demand measures the dynamics of quantity demanded by changes in consumer income. Cross elasticity of demand measures the reactivity of quantity demanded by changes in price of another good. The concept in itself is a complete strategy. When ascertaining price of a product these elasticitys should be kept in mind (Sloman, 2 010). A critical analysis of the Micro and Macroeconomic environment of Electronic Arts Inc is conducted below in detail, to explain the equal to(p) without obstruction. MICROECONOMIC ANALYSIS The demand and Supply theory as discussed above are amongst issues one postulate to cater before planning product launch, indulging in price wars and budgeting for marketing. As the demand and supply curve has serious implications on the pricing strategies being adopted, there should be reasonable understanding of the root word matter before decisions are made. For the purpose of explaining the subject effortlessly, lets consider the example of the worlds largest video game developer Electronic Arts, Inc. Electronic Arts (the company) is Americas largest developer, marketer, publisher and distributor of video games. The company has a well diversified portfolio of products and geographical presence all over the globe. chthonian such circumstances the demand and supply implications are mor e severe for planning purposes as distinct conditions will be faced by the business analyst across geographical horizons. (Electronic Arts, 2011) Demand and supply has remained unchanged and unchallenged till date. There has always been a gap in the demand and su

(A)- Organisation Should have a means of classifying, ranking, and Essay

(A)- Organisation Should have a means of classifying, ranking, and selecting information systems development projects. Discuss - Essay object lessonFurthermore, potential bene turn backs refers to the extent to the project is seen as improving profits, customer service and the duration of these benefits. Resource availableness involves the amount and types of resources that the project needs based on their availability. Moreover, project size or duration whitethorn include the number of individuals and time required to ensure that the project is complete. Lastly, technical difficulty or run a risk involves the level of technical difficulty to complete and compile the project successfully as expected ( cookery 2013, p.104). All these techniques when considered, the classification and ranking of the project will be successful. But one should balance every last(predicate) these factors between short term, high benefits versus high savings cost (Dubey 2011, p.52). Feasibility analysi s simply refers to the viability of an root word (Katimuneetorn 2008, p.2). This study helps in previewing the potential outcomes to enable us continue or not (Katimuneetorn 2008, p.3) and some of the factors that atomic number 18 used to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed project are stinting, technical, operational, schedule, legal and contractual, and political factors. Economic feasibility involves the economic viability of the proposed system and it involves cost-benefit analysis (Katimuneetorn 2008, p.1). All costs including fixed and variable costs and benefits such as cost savings, increased revenue or increased profit of the proposed project should be evaluated keenly (Katimuneetorn 2008, p.7). Intangible costs include computer hardware, software or labour costs, but intangible cots include operational inefficiency and loss of seemliness (Katimuneetorn 2008, p.7). Most projects are approved only if they cover their costs within a given period. On the contrary, som e projects can be approved based on intangible benefits like those associated with the government regulations or image of the system. In addition, technical feasibility is determined by the possibility that the organization has in obtaining demand resources. Assessing technical feasibility is to evaluate whether the new system will perform adequately or whether the organization is able to construct a proposed system or not (Katimuneetorn 2008, p.12). Technical feasibility is manifested when required hardware and software are available in the market place or can be real within the required time. More so, operational feasibility refers to the ability, desire and willingness of the stakeholders to use, support, and operate the proposed information system and it is key to clarify whether the proposed system will solve the business problems, take advantage of the opportunities or not (Katimuneetorn 2008, p.13). Actually, these stack are interested in those information systems, which are very easy to operate, accurate, produce the desired information, and fit with the organizational objectives. Furthermore, schedule feasibility involves assessing the duration of the project, that is, time covered for it to be completed and be efficacious (Katimuneetorn 2008, p.14). System analysts have to consider how long the system will take to develop and consider whether the deadlines are mandatory or compulsory (Katimuneetorn 2008, p.14). Legal feasibility shows whether the proposed system conflicts with the legal requirements or not since a project may face

Innovation in nursing Discussion board phase Assignment

Innovation in nurse Discussion board phase - Assignment ExampleThis was a three times increase from the core that had been channeled by 2009, which is a huge marker of progress in the American healthcare.Innovation in the American healthcare is vital and paramount. Two uses of innovation in healthcare can be derived from two conditions in the health status of the American nation. To begin with, there is a financial pressure and squeeze on the healthcare industry, especially from the Affordable Care Act. The providers of healthcare are thus in dire inquire of creative strategies, ideas and innovations that can enable them keep on delivering high quality healthcare to the American population (Omachonu, 2010). Given the conditions, technological innovation is the most viable chance that they have.Secondly, combined with the cost of care is the develop population and dynamic changes in dietary practices of the American population, and lifestyles of people which expose them to deadly health conditions much(prenominal) as chronic diseases, obesity, heart diseases and diabetes. This, as Porte and Teisberg (2013) collectively note, results to a very big increase in volume of patients who require attention from the nurses. Innovations that will address the above two issues are therefore paramount, and although getting an innovation to be started is still a great challenge, it is very important for healthcare institutions to adopt the many available innovations. In addition to the above two, mobile and digital cloud technologies promise an modify health quality and patient care, especially with the ability to provide vital patient care and updated info, and as a result, even physicians have a chance to become better and more efficient (Porter and Teisberg, 2013 Omachonu, 2010).A personal health record that is electronic would be a wise choice in alter the quality of patient care. Such a platform would enable patients and other consumers to share their personal information concerning their health

Sustainable Development in Malaysia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sustainable victimization in Malaysia - Essay ExampleIn 1987, the Montreal Protocol enforces countries to avoid the usage of CFC (chlorofluorocarbon) and different substances that race to the ozone depletion. It is foreseen that CFC (chlorofluorocarbon) usage is reduced substantially then the ozone spirit level would probably be repaired itself by 2050. harmonise to the Agenda 21, it is concluded that the ozone layer is essential for life. In the absence of ozone, no life would be realistic on earth. In order to maintain and achieve increased sustainable development, it is essential to keep ozone layer protected.Sustainable development is referred as the way of determining and sustaining human needs. It also includes the preservation of surround for register life and prospective generations. Similarly, it is considered that the efficient use of available resources manipulates their availability in the future. Sustainable development bottom of the inning be defined as the pro cesses that ensures fulfillment of the present necessities without putting in danger the capacity of future generations to fulfill their own needs. In case of the targets being achieved, many problems will arise that can closure in the reduction of capacity of generating anything new. The basic issues that the sustainable development projects are going through is that more or less times companies have to take actions and make decisions that seem to be non-profitable in the short term, but they ensure long-term sustainability. Similarly, the society should act in a responsible manner and make its efforts to preserve the environment by supporting plantation that would probably help to reduce ozone destruction.Pusat Tenaga Malaysia was established on 12 whitethorn 1998, known to be Malaysias Green Technology Corporation (GreenTech Malaysia). It is a registered as an independent and non-profitable institution that is responsible for green energy in Malaysia that is under the Ministry of

Economic Downturn Hits Oz clothing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Economic Downturn Hits Oz clothing - look for ExampleThe focus in this paper is on Oz clothing, a manufacturer of clothing in Australia that is veneering serious threats to their operation in the business referable a variety of national problems and excessively due to the policies incorporated by the Australian goernment. The organization spatenot withstand the competition from the foreign competitors in the market and is confront a threat for existence. The Industrial relations and the practice maintained by the organization were poor in nature and are adding up to the resistance in the process of revival. The importance of Industrial relation has been highlighted over here and efforts have been made to identify that how the success of various elements and process in the organization depends on the proper alignment to the Industrial relations. The impact of the policies of Industrial relation on the employees helps to have a suck in understanding on the motivation of the emp loyees. The employees and the fagers of the organization are a prime part and contribute a lot to the organizational success. The organizations should provide proper care and maintain their responsibility towards them by framing policies in line with the industrial relations. The overall problems of OZ clothing can be segregated into two factors, internal and external. The internal factors denote the set of issues which are present within the organization and prevent the organization to reach its desired goals, and the external influences are the factors outside the organization which prevents the shit of the organization. ... The primary reason for the failure of the organization can be contributed to lower resultivity which has occurred due to the adoption of obsolete technologies used by the firm. As a result of the use of the obsolete technology an overall increase in the price of the products per unit is likewise increasing. The company is facing serious issues with the pr ocess of manufacturing. The increase in cost of the manufacturing is in like manner associated with the high metre of labor costs. The process of effective utilization of labor is absent in the company and thus labor has emerged to be a factor of high cost for the company. The skills of the labors in the production department are also under question. The organization also faces serious issues with the line of products they deliver to the customers. The organization generally deals with underwear as their commodity product. Customers believe that their products are not original and are also not fashionable. In earn of the perceptions from the customers the retailers are canceling the orders of the products. The products are also highly priced than the competitors and it is also acting as a major cause for being unpopular in the market. The product designing team of the organization has not brought any inception in the design or the quality of the products and has failed to satisf y the needs of the customers. The absence of fashionable products in their product line has also been a major cause for the customers easily falling to the low priced products outsourced from China. The organization also has low source of capital and this further prevents them to opt for the new technologies or look after

Transport and Tourism Wales Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Transport and Tourism Wales - Essay ExampleOther than this, massive distance buses as well as trams also travel indoors the routes to Bangor to Aberystwyth, Aberystwyth to Cardiff, Aberystwyth to Cardigan and Brecon to Newtown and many others. Not just now this, national express operating long-distance intercity coach services are present within the nation of Wales. collectable to which, the mobility of transporting persons and goods from one place to another also became extremely easier and cheaper as compared to others. This helped in the development of tourism industry thereby attracting large array of tourists towards this place making it more renowned. As a result, Wales is recognize as one of the famous tourist destination in the entire globe with almost 8078,900 visitors. Due to which, the yearly turn everywhere of the industry gets enhanced by about ?3.5 billion thereby amplifying the gross apprise added (GVA) of the economy of Wales to about ?44.517 billion. As a resu lt, the economy of Wales became the tenth largest one among other regions of UK. Not yet this, the transport and tourism industry of Wales contributes about 13.3% in the national GDP thereby enhancing its position in the entire globe among others. Side by side, development of tourism industry also helped in trim back the trouble of unemployment thereby presenting jobs to almost 8% of the workforces. Hence, it might be revealed that transport acts as the backbone that helps in the improvement of the industry of tourism in the region of Wales in UK. Therefore, in order to enhance the annual turnover of the transport and tourism industry, the government of Wales decided to introduce the initiative of commonality or sustainable transport within the tourism industry. The prime objective of the construct of young transport is to present expert and comfortable journey at the time of visiting the tourist places of Wales. Side by side, to reduce over dependency over cars as it emits hi gh density of carbon dioxide thereby creating congestion and pollution as well. So, the government is arduous to offer more concentration over sustainable means such as cycle or by walking or public transports. Along with this, the government is also trying to develop eco-tourism parks and variety of green national parks so as to enhance the concept of sustainable tourism initiative in and around Wales. Therefore, it might be stated that the initiative of green transport within the industry of tourism proved quite successful in enhancing the economic motive of the region of Wales in the entire UK among other regions. This paper mainly comprises of four parts highlighting the objectives and aims of implementing the initiative of green transport and tourism within the region of Wales. Along with this, it also includes the positive impacts of such initiatives within the region of Wales so as to reduce the impacts of pollution. It also comprises of a brief analysis and findings of the initiative of green transport and tourism along with a conclusion. Discussion Green Transport and Tourism initiative in Wales In todays era, maximum extent of the individual desire to visit varied tourists places in order to reduce the heavy workloads. Due to such underlining desire, the craze of roving enhanced significantly. However,

Research Methods Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Research Methods - Assignment practice sessionThere are two main look into rules used in the business field, which are the qualitative and denary research methods their use depends on different scenarios and the type of data that is required. Qualitative research methods are meant to help the researcher in understanding how people make decisions. This is achieved by evaluating the cultural and social contexts that tell the environment in which such people are situated (Myers, 2013). On the other hand, quantitative research was developed from natural sciences in understanding natural phenomena the research go about uses numbers to cost set in constructing theoretical concepts. Interpreting such numbers is a strong scientific base method of understanding how a process actually works, and allows greater reliability as data collected offers a better trend of relations between two variables (Myers, 2013). This embrace uses a qualitative and a quantitative article in management to show how each research methodology applies in examining relationships between concepts. The report further determines the suitability of each methodology under differing research contexts. Holts (2011) uses a descriptive quantitative approach in determining the necessary behaviours, skills and practices that a pharmaceutical smart set would require to establish a accredited and effective leadership suppuration program. The research involves collecting data from sales representatives and district managers. The two groups represent multi-level structures in an organization and offer reliable trends in the behaviour of sales persons in the confederation. Case studies as in Holts case may be said to be, an empirical inquiry that investigates a contemporary phenomenon in spite of appearance its real-life context (Yin 2003, p.13). In other words, the study is aimed at investigating the dynamics that manifest in a single research setting, in this case examining actions taken by sa les persons in a pharmaceutical company. The author aims at tracing operational links and their impacts on sales representatives. In addition, the research establishes how the company may use skills of the experienced sales persons in formulating a training program for new effect in the future. Holts first offers a background on how companies formulate different approaches to structure leadership development programs, and forms a problem statement based on this introduction. The research problem, which forms the basis of the article, is that companies lack enough intimacy on how to formulate effective leadership training programs. Holts justifies this problem by examining the benefits of forming a program based on the data from sales representatives and district managers, as they possess the required skills in marketing the companys products. However, Holts in the conceptual framewor

Different Conflict Handling Styles in Management Essay

Different Conflict Handling Styles in Management - Essay ExampleOrganizations use a variety of methods/style to handle workplace battles. However, louvre widely used conflict management styles include forcing, accommodating, avoiding, compromising, and collaborating. Let us discuss each of them in detail in order to get an understanding of the way organizations can use them to manage conflicts. Forcing is matchless of the main conflict management blastes. However, an observable fact is that employees and managers in organizations usually use this approach as the last choice when they are left with no other choice for reaching a resolution. If we sing about managers, we can say that they often use this approach to show power and authority. Even though this approach helps managers and employees in reaching an immediate resolution, but such resolutions put an unpleasant impact on the relationship that exists between people involved in a conflict. Accommodating is another approach t owards conflict management in which one conflicting party listens and values the concerns of the other party involved in the conflict. Even though this approach is helpful in managing conflicts, but it also brings with it some negative points or consequences. For example, a conflicting party can ask for more favors and can put unlawful demands in front of the party showing accommodating approach for conflict resolution. Avoiding is another conflict management approach in which people avoid issues because of predicted negative consequences of getting involved in the issue.

Bioaccummulution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Bioaccummulution - set about ExampleOne of the foci in the make love of bioaccumulation is the leave out of intensive research and accumulated knowledge specifically in terms of the bioaccumulation of hazardous chemicals and their long-term effects in humans. One of the main reasons for the said lack of knowledge and efforts for research is the fact that the understanding of the concept is superficial which means humans are detaching themselves to what is disaster in the aquatic ecosystem though there is a great probability that the effects of accumulated virulent materials would be more potent for terrestrial organisms. The superficial view on bioaccumulation lessens the impact and the urgency for in depth study. In addition, as explored by the study conducted by Kim and Kim, the concept is at a received degree lost in translation specifically in non-English speaking nations. This is also related to the issue that the lack of in depth exploration on the subject bms educationa l institutions to disseminate misconceptions that can cause escalation of more misconceptions to students as well as the other members of the general population (Kim and Kim, 2013).Gobas, F.A.P.C., Mackintosh, C.E., Webster, M.I., Parkerton, T.F. and Robillard, K. (2003). Bioaccumulation of Phthalate Esters in aquatic food-webs. The vade mecum of Environmental Chemistry, 3 (Q) 201-225. Doi

Social responsibilities and ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Social responsibilities and ethics - Essay exemplarThe other impact is that the topical anesthetic partnership gets leadership and become more organized and coexist. The businesses require the local community to handle the projects due to sustainability purposes. This therefore means that the community has to have some form of government activity on how the project will be weather and maintained and this will lead to leadership. This organization uplifts coexistence among the community members as well as less conflicts and hence the project is likely to be sustainable.A disallow impact of businesses on the local community is the assimilation the local community undergoes. Even though this does not happen in all communities, most community members due to constant interaction with the businesses start abandoning their goal to be more like the individuals in the business. This leads to loss of culture and even conflicts in the enormous run among the community members and spouses as well. This especially happens when the business people are involved in the project for long period of

Advertising to the other Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Advertising to the other - Essay ExampleFleishman Hilliard Company concentrated on compass out to potential customers in Canada, North America and globally. The potential customers mainly comprised environmental groups, oil-retailing companies and all-level institutions and companies that use energy.The objectives of an ad should reflect the intention of the marketing of the product. It is imperative for any advertizement firm to consider the objectives of an ad onwards making any piece of advertisement (Williams, 2012). The Fleishman-Hilliard firm ads campaign sought to achieve different objectives. The ancient objective of the ads is to promote the oil sands and Canadas natural resource sector globally. The campaign ads check this objective by using the ads to raise public awareness about the products made by the Canadian oil sands. The ads also aim at ensuring a fact-based dialogue about Canada being a prudent supplier of oil and other resources. The ad campaign aims at expl oring online platform where customers can find schooling about Canadian oil sands. Finally, the ad campaign aims at portraying Canada as a fitting and trustworthy neighbor in terms of industrial partnerships and acting responsibly.Advertising techniques are the ways in which advertising agents use to attract and engage minds of the target market and public. When made to be creative and captivating, they service of process as very strong communication tools. Importance and relevance of a particular technique rests on its ability to trigger emotion and attract attention (Williams, 2012). Fleishman-Hilliard Company employed different techniques in its advertising Canadian Oil sands. These techniques included claims, repetition, bandwagon, association, and patriotism.An effective advertisement tends to imply or make claims about the laughable capabilities of a particular product. The ads achieve this by concentrating on specific aspects of the

Toys and Electronics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Toys and Electronics - Es asseverate ExampleIn most cases, children may feel that their bodies do non meet the perfection of the society image. There is some evidence that plastic toys are muscle-bound and junior men are abusing anabolic steroids to have such bodies. Advertising is one of the most powerful medium, which is personation unrealistic body types. Marketers attract attention for their goods by using muscular men and thin women. With the change techniques of renovating images, models bodies are improved by computers, providing the viewers with unrealistic sense of how natural body should look like. The cyberspace also offers young people an opportunity to find information about how to improve their bodies. One of the new developments is the pro-bulimia and pro-anorexia, which encourages children to use unhealthy behaviors to increase their muscularity and lower their weight (Angier). This paper discusses how children body image is influenced by images such as toys, pictures, movies, video and game.Young girls always believe that Barbie has a perfect body and that is how a muliebrity should look like. Their perception is that a woman should have no fat anywhere and should have monolithic converges. Young girls always wish that they could have bodies that resemble that of Barbie. Girls who have lots of fats in their bodies and small breast have a low self-esteem. Female characters in cartoons are frequently shown revealing girls in insufficient clothes. Sixty percent of middle and high school girls say that images in publications such as Sassy, Jet, cardinal and Glamour affect their idea of the perfect body, and almost all of the girls are dissatisfied with their weights. Most of them say that they worry too much about getting fat and as result they starting fast when still young. At a young age, girls start having eating disorders such as bulimia and anorexia as doctors are treating who are as young as five years old (Angier). .Young men have an impression

Violation Early Childhood Code of Ethics Research Paper

Violation Early Childhood Code of morality - Research Paper ExampleSecondly, it also discusses some of the appropriate ways that could be taken to parry such a violation. One of the most challenging respectable issues while dealing with fryren is food. Ms. Devan, an early puerility study teacher was implicated in an ethical case whereby the parents argued that she went beyond her ethical boundaries by allowing children to use food as playing tools. Precisely, Ms. Devan was victimisation pudding as finger paint while educational activity children how to paint. According to her, they preferred using edible pudding as finger paint since they disc everywhereed that the children were position it on their mouth. Although there are ethical mandates demanding that the health of the children should be given the first priority, she preferred using food pudding since it was safer than finger paint (Swim & Freeman, 2008). Although her actions were well intentioned, so many ethical quest ions are brocaded from such an action. For instance, the children developed a habit of licking the pudding paint directly from the table. This is certainly non hygienic. However, it is better compared to swallowing the regular finger paint that is sold commercially. The ethical case came into the limelight when one of the childs mothers scolded her child for licking sandwich jelly that had spilled on the table at home. When she asked the child, the child sustain that their teacher let them do it at school. Certainly, the child had learned a different thing from what was ab initio intended. The parent was worried that the teacher was not exercising the children code of ethics. The teacher also failed to realize that children could confound learned that playing materials are good for consumption. This is certainly a violation of early puerility code of ethics, which demands that children be taught the right code of behavior especially during this important stage of cognitive devel opment. Actually, the parent was even off more worried that the teacher was wasting food while there were thousands of other children all over the world dying of hunger. Some of the ethical upholds raised from the situation demand a critical aspect and consideration. Was the teacher acting safe by allowing children to play with food? Was it safe for the children after all? Did the teacher think about other lessons learned in the process? So many questions of ethical concern chamberpot be raised from this case. Undeniably, there is no clear cut difference between what should be done or what should not be done. This is even made more complicated because of the differences in ethical values between different stakeholders. Early childhood codes of ethics may not suffice tolerable to handle such ethically complicated issues. According to National Association for the Education of Young Children, it is prerequisite To create and maintain safe and healthy settings that foster children s social, emotional, intellectual, and physical development and that respect their high-handedness and their contributions (2012). It is evident from the ethical principle that the teacher failed to maintain healthy settings, failed to consider the overall social development of the childrens behavior, as well as intellectual development. Needless to say, there are several measures that can be taken to avoid similar ethical violations. Firstly, the teachers need to expand their knowledge on childhood cognitive development. This would enable the teacher to make better decisions when choosing

The last episode of Black Adder Goes Forth Essay Example for Free

The last successiveness of Black common viper Goes Forth EssayWhat affect does the last succession of Black adder Goes Forth have on the viewer? How is the affects created?Black Adder Goes Forths season finish goodbyeee is the finishing episode of the comedic perspective of founding War One. Black Adder is a television series that was started in 1983 by Richard Curtis and Rowan Atkinson. It pardons British History in a comedic form, ranging in periods from 1485 1917.The last episode of Black Adder Goes Forth greatly affects the viewer. It peruses the idea that history as it was written and has been taught is incorrect. In having this approach, it is like the audience is understanding history and uncovering the truth of our ancestors for the first time. Not only does this capture the viewers attention, precisely it entertains them as well as touching them on an emotional level they are in the long run seeing the real ordeal. Viewers, however, also know that these real ordeals are non to be taken hard and are only there for the comedy value. An example of this is when one soldier states that the reason the First World War started was because someone shot an ostrich out of hunger. The majority of viewers know this statement is not true, but the episode and character plays the comic seriousness to perfection. However, unlike the general ideas all the Black Adder series portray, as just explained, goodbyeee also shows the reality and tragedy of world war one.Black Adder does whatever he can to get out of the trenches. For example, he pret finales to go mad by position underwear on his head and putting sticks up his nose, and tells the other soldiers to go up and not himself but in the end he resigns to his fate.One soldier is very excited about the idea of defend his country, in fact he is so honoured by this chance, that he does not accept a panache out of the trenches when he is offered however though Black Adder realizes their fate when they go above the trenches and tries to explain he will die. (I never imagined anything as awful as this war Black Adder) Also when other soldier states that he wants the dying to stop, and everyone to go home, because he cannot see any reason for a war, nonetheless now the jolly soldier tries to push these thoughts out of his head and reassure him it is good what they are doing. He is meant to be the typical advertised enlisted man the soldier that the viewers could relate to (the man on the posters).This red-blooded soldier seems to have been blinded by the element of death, he thinks its all an adventure. However, in the end, death is inevitable, and after(prenominal) being the hero, he finally realizes all that waits for him when he goes over the top of the trenches is mortality, like his friends who died in the war. He says to Black Adder Brave, splendid and noble (pause) Im scared sir, I dont want to die. For the audience, this is the final realization, now even the bravest is afraid. The sense of humour is gone and the sense of reality is dawning on the audience and the trenches prisoners. In the end each character becomes conscious of their doom.My conclusion to the last episode of Black Adder, goodbyeee and how it affects the viewer, is that war is futile. Whether you realize this, or are adamant to play a role, whether it is hero or coward, the last episode shows that everyone is in the same position. In the end they all die, no matter who they were.

Mobile Phones Essay Example for Free

mobile Phones EssayMobile phones guard had such a large concussion in our modern twenty-first century societies, that they have wrench part and parcel of our daily lives. Nowadays, it has become the norm in our towns and villages to see people who argon grumpy tapping on their cell phones. Mobile phones have changed the way people communicate. These devices ar carried anywhere people go because they are light and easy to carry around, such that everyone is constantly in touch with others. This is very polar from when home and draw telephones were the only means of communication. Nowadays, people send word call each other exploitation their mobile phones wherever they are as long as there is reception, regardless of the country they are in. This can be life-saving when emergency calls are needed, while also very useful to communicate with work colleagues, family and friends. Furtherto a greater extent, mobile phones have also given birth to text messages, which are put together to be more convenient than phone calls, because they can be answered at the receivers convenience without being disturbed. check moreEssay on Use of Mobile Phones by StudentsSmart phones are the latest kind of mobile devices, which have been available for only a couple of years. These phones continue to enhance our communication, mainly by using the internet for third party services, such as chatting and social networking sites. More everywhere, these phones can be use for a multitude of other things, such that they are able to have the function of a computer, a music player, a camera, a video camera, a gaming console and a diary, among other uses.Mobile phones have also been of a disadvantage to their users. People in modern societies are often found to be addicted to their cell phones. They check if they have any new message over and over again, even when they are out with their friends or when they are on a date. Firstly, this obsession shows lack of discretion becaus e mobile phones are given more importance than the person in front of them. Secondly, this lack of priorities can often be dangerous, for example while driving. The latest smart phones could be very expensive.Even though there are a variety of affordable cell phones and smart phones, some people, most often youths, spend hundreds of Euros every year to buy the latest smart phone, although having only a small return over the previous one. Generally, this is a result of persuasive and costly advertising make by giant manufacturers. Furthermore, this has also been a common subject for bullying in schools. Mobile phones have obviously made peoples work and personal life much easier. As long as these are used with caution and moderation, cell phones do not have any particular negative impact on peoples lifestyle and health.

The Feminist Movement Development Essay Example for Free

The Feminist Movement Development EssayDifferent sources offer divergent information regarding exactly when the feminist movement started. Some compriseences state that the feminism thought dates back to the 6th century BC. The raw(a) Internationalist (1992) states There have al directions been independent feminists. In sixth century BC Greece, Sappho wrote lesbian poetry and ran a girls school. The fifteenth century French writer Christine de Pisan is now regarded as a feminist thinker.In the seventeenth century English adventurer and political activist Aphra Benn was acquiring embroiled in the West Indian slave rebellion and writing 13 novels. The radical way in which close to men were thinking during the Age of Reason incident solelyy changed attitudes towards women. Thinkers like Newton, Locke, Voltaire and Diderot believed that science and motive could explain the world. They began to analyze women in terms of what they deemed natural rather than what was divinely ordained.This was not necessarily disclose for women. From the 17th century onwards below are the major feminist movement developments according to the New Internationalist (1992). Women played a major role in the 1789 French Revolution and the ideal of republican Motherhood took shape. But, some argued, if women had the task of bringing up the new citizens, they should also have status. Feminist pamphlets proliferated. In her Rights of Woman, Olympe de Gourges wrote Woman is born free and her rights are the same as those of manif women have the right to go to the scaffold, they must also have the right to go to Parliament. Parisian women formed political clubs and associations to campaign on issues affecting them. But the male leaders of the Revolution were basically hostile and in 1793 they outlawed all womens clubs. A womans place was in the home, they ruled. This hostility persisted through the nineteenth century. The Napoleonic Code gave all precaution of family funds to the husband. Not until 1909 did French women have control over their own earnings.Not until 1944 did they get the vote. The Stanford cyclopaedia of Philosophy (2004) states the below developments on feminism from the 1800s onwards In the mid-1800s the term feminism was used to refer to the qualities of females, and it was not until after the First International Womens Conference in Paris in 1892 that the term, following the French term feministe, was used regularly in English for a belief in and advocacy of equal rights for women based on the idea of the equality of the sexes.Although the term feminism in English is rooted in the mobilization for woman suffrage in Europe and the US during the late 19th and early twentieth century, of course efforts to obtain justice for women did not begin or end with this period of activism. So some have found it useful to think of the womens movement in the US as occurring in waves. On the wave model, the struggle to achieve basic political rights d uring the period from the mid-19th century until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 counts as First Wave feminism.Feminism waned between the two world wars, to be revived in the late 1960s and early 1970s as Second Wave feminism. In this second wave, feminists pushed beyond the early quest for political rights to fight for greater equality across the board, e. g. , in education, the workplace, and at home. more(prenominal) recent transformations of feminism have resulted in a Third Wave.

Race and Native American Essay Example for Free

Race and Native American canvassIdentify and briefly explain the dimensions by referencing both textbooks. Some of the different primary dimensions of diversity implicate age, gender, mental and physical abilities, race, ethnic heritage, and sexual orientation. These are primary due to the fact that they are to a greater extent fixed, visible, and relevant to an identity. For example, a phallic in his mid-thirties are all primary dimensions. There are also secondary dimensions such as geographic location, military/work experience, family status, income, religion, language, education, communication, and work style. For example, a male in his thirties who plays piano while drinking apple cider for a hobby would be secondary. As we learned in class the difference between these are easily remembered by thinking visible and invisible. At first glance one would be able to guess age and gender, but the secondary dimensions are wide and welcome judgments to a closed mind. ?With wh at ethnic, cultural, or other groups do you find? Describe what members of your social circle score in common.My ethnic background is Native American and Portuguese. On my mothers side of the family I get the Native American. Our tribe is the Karok tribe. Its origins are Northern California. I am not registered however I get bit and pieces from my mom sometimes. She tells me that I am an eighth Native American. This if I am not mistaken is enough to qualify for the federal benefits for health guard and school funds. I have just not done the footwork to find out. This leads me into the second piece of the question.I am not a part of this social circle and I cannot answer what we all have in common other than the physical appearance. Generally, we all have dark hair and olive grate tone, and also having brown or hazel eyes. I notice from the members of my family that the woman age very well. non so much the men. Inclusion is described as an addition. For example relative to thus class, an African American child being adopted by a Hispanic family and ten years later the African American child adapting to the rituals and cultural expectations if the Hispanic culture.This word can pertain to a wide sorting of situations. Another example would be a defect in a precious stone such as a ruby or diamond. ?What is the difference between diversity and inclusion? Idictonary defines diversity as a noun meaning the condition of having or being composed of differing elements variety. ?What is the importance of workplace diversity tuition? ?What is your experience with workplace culture? Could there be, or could there have been, more inclusion?

Living Green Essay Example for Free

life-time Green EssayWe Can Improve Our Current Ecological Crisis By Living Green by Marcus Wilson Our world continues to deteriorate as natural cataclysms, nuclear power plant issues and general apathy evokes havoc. This res publicaly concern pull up stakes soon be gone unless(prenominal) its citizens make an effort to do something astir(predicate) it. There is a climbing population, there is corruption, and there is big time pollution. The best thing for tidy sum today is to turn to green maintenance. Many people do not actually understand what living green is all about. Anything that you do that produces a beneficial effect on the environment is green living. These be things that we must do so that the younger generation will have a healthy earth to live. The ultimate goal for green living is to have the Earth in bionomic balance. Not moreover that, but green living cleanses the surroundings by flushing toxins out of the environment. When we decide to live green, our earth will be a better place for everyone and we can maintain it for a very long time. constitution itself is fighting to keep its balance as it is being attacked from all sides. There are numerous places in the world where water is decreasing. Nowadays we live in a concrete jungle, with the elimination of numerous forests and trees, that there are hardly any trees or plants around. There is a great deal of pollution, and the air is so awful, that when commuting from one place to another, it is tough to travel the distance without being grimy on arrival.Our children or grandchildren will live in a world where oil or trees dont exist anymore and the earth would fall apart. Each day, our world is slowly being obliterated but no one appears to be paying attention. Our society is being assailed by the many disturbances in the world. Our planet is struggling to deal with the ecological crisis, global recession and fiscal crisis. Each day money is being spent on light things while cruci al issues are being neglected.Very little money is being used on improving the health of our planet or promoting green living. What steps do we requirement to take so that we are in the habit of being green. Can work together and conserve water, use less power and plant new trees. Are we making an attempt to clean up the environment for subsequent generations? Is everyone on the planet doing their best to reduce pollution? Is the number of men and women who love green profuse to protect our succeeding generations? There is not a lot of time that remains so we need to work right away to live green.

Research Summary and Ethical Considerations Essay Example for Free

Research Summary and Ethical Considerations EssayAccording to statistics symboliseed by the subject bea Interview Survey (2010) there be approximately 7.1 million children in the United States who have bronchial asthma. (U.S. section of health and Human Services USDHHS, Centers for Disease overlook and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics CDCNCHS, 2010). asthma is an inflammatory disease that is characterized by airway obstruction and may cause episodes of wheezing, coughing, and difficulty breathing. (Walker, 2012). Studies have shown that these symptoms are difficult to manage in obese asthmatic children as the medications used to treat asthma are less effective on them due to the added weight. This paper summarizes a quantitative breeding showing that intensify physiologic application and asthma management education can subdue asthmatic symptoms in children. (Haines Kim, 2013). It includes universe, background, methods, results, honorable considerat ions and conclusion summary of the matter.IntroductionChildren with asthma are at risk for obesity and resultant inclementness of the disease due to their reluctance towards material body process. In order to prevent this risk an educational and activity program was developed for easy schoolchildren with moderate dogged asthma utilizing a quantitative study design. The introduction of this program resulted in significant improvement in lung conditions and reduction of the number of emergency room visits man potentially reducing the risk of obesity later in life. (Haines Kim, 2013). Background of sphereReports show that 70 five percent of all children in the United States who need emergent care due to their asthma are overweight. Children withmoderate to severe persistent asthma have a higher incidence of to a fault being obese. Obese asthmatics are less responsive to medications used to treat asthma. The reluctance to physical activity is due to the fear of asthma attack w ith exercise. This leads to obesity and obesity leads to more severe asthma symptoms. In order to break this cycle effective intervention is necessary. The most effective intervention is increased physical activity. Developing and evaluating understanding the mechanisms of asthma control and promoting physical activity in participating asthmatic elementary school-aged children was a pilot program resulting in reduced severity of asthma symptoms which was also the purpose of the study. (Haines Kim, 2013). This study is significant for nurses as they take care of children with asthma in clinics and hospitals effectively intervening to improve their health.Methods of mootA quantitative, non-experimental, longitudinal design was used to evaluate a pilot asthma program with tenseness on physical activity in order to improve asthma control among children with moderate persistent asthma. Asthma symptoms, lung condition, and willingness to participate in physical exercise were compared b efore and one month after the half a dozen calendar week asthma program. As a pilot study, this program was an intervention- provided program without a control group. The strain was collected from participants of Breathe LAs Lung Power program with moderate persistent asthma.Ten children in the midst of the ages of seven to twelve years old both males and females who volunteered for the study were selected for a six week asthma program. Barriers to proper asthma management were identified and treated by parental interviews. Introductory and concluding spirometry tests were do to assess the actual improvement in lung volume post program. Physical activity was closely monitored and performed only after sufficient management skills were taught to and reinforced by the participants and parents. Six lessons were prepared and delivered over two hours weekly sessions. (Haines Kim, 2013).Results of StudyThroughout the six week program the participants asthmatic attack rates dropped s ignificantly. Weekly and periodic asthmatic incidences also decreased significantly. Although not statistically significant, emergencyroom visits dropped after the six week program and the participants also engaged in significantly more physical activities in a disposed week and month compared to pre-program activities. The spirometry test post-program results showed a slight, but significant increase in lung volume. (Haines Kim, 2013).The implications of this study to nursing are very significant. Being the caregiver to children with asthma in clinics and hospitals nurses can make a considerable difference in their lives by sharing the significant findings of the study and incorporating it in their daily care regimen. commandment proper symptom management and physical activity to parents and children will significantly improve their health.Ethical Considerations of StudyThe authors are affiliated with California State University Fullerton and the study was followed by editor ial board, blind peer, and expert peer. The study sample was a sub-group of pre-existing participants of the Breathe LAs Lung Power program. In adherence to the order of ethics for the query study patient privacy was protected through the initial program. Only patients who volunteered were include in the study and the program was held in the Breathe LA facility located in Los Angeles. Facilitators present throughout the program included a respiratory therapist and volunteer respiratory therapy students. (Haines Kim, 2013). Parents were to observe at all times and intervene as appropriate to the study. The article fails to mention approval acquired from an institutional review board. There is a possibility that there may be a blanket consent that covers the research study via the initial Lung Power program which was in accordance to laws in Los Angeles.ConclusionChildren with asthma demo a population group more prone to becoming obese than their non-asthmatic counterparts. Unders tanding the mechanism of what causes asthma and being able to control asthma enough to engage in physical activity is significant. Therefore, prox asthma management programs should incorporate more supervised physical exercises. Educators, therapists, nurses, parents and coaches need to understand that moderate physical exercise is a remedy for asthma symptoms, not the cause and should take an active role in providing asthma education for children with moderate persistent asthma. Increasing supervised, moderate physical exercise forthese children can reduce asthmatic symptoms and risk for obesity later in life. (Haines Kim, 2013).ReferencesU.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics. (2010). Summary health statistics for U.S. children National Health Interview Survey, 2009. (DHHS publication No. (PHS)-2011-1575). Retrieved from http//www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr10/sr10247.pdf Walker, V. (2012). Factors Related to Emotional Responses in School-aged Children Who Have Asthma. Issues In Mental Health Nursing, 33(7), 406-429. doi10.3109/01612840.2012.682327 Haines, M. S., Kim, D. H. (2013). A Study of the Effects of Physical Activity on Asthmatic Symptoms and Obesity risk of exposure in Elementary School-Aged Children. American Journal Of Health Education, 44(3), 156-161. doi10.1080/19325037.2013.779905

Organizational Behavior Study Guide Essay Example for Free

organisational Behavior Study Guide EssayOrganizational Behavior is the understanding of how organizations flirt and how to have tribe perform efficiently. It is extracted from polar areas of study, and is interested in how these fields are integrated into oeuvre behavior.Basic Leadership Model knowledge of OB x behavioral skills = attractorship effectivenessOrganizational Behavior 1) individual level is where members make whizz of the world and derive motivation. 2) how teams function. How they deal, ethical ending making, and baron politics. 3) Organizational level how the firm is structured, selecting transgressing talent, creating sustaining a culture, manage change. Behavioral skills facilitate team decision making, effective confabulation, effective negotiation, use power wisely, and managers organization change.Organization change over time theories exit much than complex and and yet to a greater limit accurate but they are harder to apply since they ar e each based on the mooring and culture limits the applic capability of these theories also.Pre 20 century clip was done from family/crafts, orgs were military and church, Adam Smith division of labor and theories of use of machinery to save labor costs.1900 industrialism and mass yield using division of labor.1920 scientific anxiety fred taylor cult of efficiency tax analysis, standardization, turn out by deed, training, and systemic selection. Classical management Henry Fayle PODSC planning, organizing, directing, staffing, and compriseling. Unity of command one leader, specialization doing one activity and peck got high-priced at it so replacing was easy. Scalar chain the yields of an output TxC input multiplied by constant. Span of control how legion(predicate) subordinates under control. During this time was 5 to 7 now its over 20.1930 Hawthorne studies by Elton mayo. Findings were that interaction in the test sort had increased productiveness feelings and supe rvision had big effect in production. Informal groups also were formed due to interaction.1940 group dynamics when teams made their own decisions they take awayd more information to be shared with employees and yet this was complex but made them have a sense of commitment to the subcontract. Bureaucracy with Max Weber job descriptions, specific responsibility, written rules, right of appeal, fair and tinct treatment and managing became a profession to learn.1950- Task leaders were only concern with accomplishing the depute. Social leaders were concerned with employees. Limits to rationality suffice rather than maximize. There is a limit of how much info. You great deal absorb. Gordon Howell it asked for professionalism and more scientific knowledge.1960,1970-Systems thinking environment and organization explaining and predicting behavior. Contingency thinking variables on factors. Leadership is contingent on m any factors.1980 and now Mckribbin porter studies asked for more c ommunication, and social skills and cultural diversity.Leader-awareness will make a better leader. biographic traits, soulfulnessality, attitudes and values, ability influences your perception and motives. And perception and motivation influence productivity, absence, turnover, and satisfaction. When hiring skills, attitudes and values, and personality are looked at if you fit in the organization and see how well you work in teams. People who dont fit in will have low performance high absenteeism/turnover.Age-older state are less potential to be absent for avoidable reasons and more likely to be absent for unavoidable reasons. (such as illness). Older masses have les employment opportunities. Their job provides them with high wages and pension benefits. Productivity there is no intercourse with age. Positive satisfaction 60+.Gender- no gender differences and no differences in productivity. Women are more likely to be absent because of children.Marital status- in general marrie d people are more stable, brings job to be more valuable, fewer absence and turnover rates, more satisfied.Tenure people who have been just about for a long while are likely to stay and there is decreased turnover. Tenure on previous jobs help predict employees future turnover. Promotes conveys loyalty. Extra experience leads to increased productivity.Ability skills that individual posses. intelligent ability mental activities, thinking, reasoning and problem solving. Those individuals who have a high intellectual ability and work at jobs that do non challenge them become bored and lack motivation. Physical ability require physical traits for some jobs. Emotional intelligence self-importance awareness becoming aware of yourself and your areas of strength. self management working without constant supervision. Self motivated ability to persist if there is setbacks or failures, social skills the ability to deal with others and their emotions, empathy ability to sense how others are feeling. Emotional intelligence affects job performance as employees understructure relate to each other.Cultural Values experiences learned that shape our behavior. High low power remoteness how equal or unequal you are between others in your society, u.s is low/democratic. Uncertainity avoidance preferring structure than unstructured. cognitive dissoance when there is a conflicting emotion or tension after making a decision. Refers to any incompatibility than an individual might perceive between two or more if his or her attitudes, or between his or her behavior and attitudes.Personality heredity, environment, situations regularize personality. Locus of control the degree to which people desire they are masters of their own fate. When we succeed we take credit for it, but when we fail, we blame others. Internals in control of our destiny and are more satisfied and fewer absences. Externals believe their lives are controlled by outside forces higher absences and less sati sfaction. Extroversion social, assertive. Introverted reserved, timid. Machiavellianism pragmatic, emotional distant, ends justify means, aggressive tactics. High machs less persuaded, produce more, manipulate more, flourish face to face and when theres no rules. Self esteem more confidence, higher risk takers. Self monitoring ability to adjust to external behavior and situations. High Self monitors aware of outside cues, and put on faces.Perceptions-input gives meaning to surrounding. Influenced by perceiver attitudes, motives, interests, experiences, expectations. Target motion, size, background, similarity. Situation time, work, social. We justice people to find a behavior based on motives and interests.Attribution conjecture- Attribution theory- Tries to explain the shipway in which we judge people differently, depending on the meaning we attribute to a inclined behavior. We attempt to determine if a given behavior is intimately or externally caused. Assessed by 3 factors Distinctiveness- whether an individual displays different behaviors in different situations. Consensus- is his rejoinder unique or expected from everyone in a similar situation? Consistency- does the person respond the same way over time? Fundamental attribution error- The tendency to devaluate the influence of external factors and overestimate the internal factors when making judgments about others behaviors.Self-serving bias- The tendency for individuals to atribute their own successes to internal factors and blame failures on external factors. Frequently used shortcuts in judging others Selective perception- The tendency to selectively interpret what one sees on the alkali of ones interest, background, experience, and attitudes. Halo effect- the tendency to draw a general impression about an individual on a basis of a single characteristic. he is all good and nothing bad or vice versa.Contrast effect- Evaluation of a persons characteristics that is affected by comparison with other people recently encountered who rank higher or lower on the same characteristic. Ie. Someone being assessed right after an expert or someone that does a bad job will affect how you view that person. Stereotyping- Judging someone on the basis of ones perception of the group to which that person belongs.Profiling/Stereotyping- A form of stereotyping in which a group of individuals is singed out- typically on basis of race, ethnicity- for intensive inquiry, scrutiny, or investigation.Self- fulfilling prophecy- a situation in which a person inaccurately perceives a second person, and the resulting expectations cause the second person to practise in ways concordant with the original perception.Motivation- how much effort an individual puts forth to achieve organizational goals. Performance = motivation, ability, opportunity.Learning Theory environment determines an individuals behavior. Law of Effect(operant conditioning, or reinforcement theory) behavior is a function of its c onsequences. People got to learn to behave a way to get what the want. Shaping Behavior- individuals behavior is shaped by rewarding each successive step that moves them closer to a want response. Positive reinforcement following a desired response with something pleasant, negative following a response by termination or withdrawal of something unpleasant. Punishment causing an unpleasant condition to eliminate an undesirable behavior. Extinction eliminating any reinforcement that maintains behavior. Applied Well pay vs sick pay, lotteries, and recognition programs.Need Theory- the individual is in control of changing behavior and not the environment. Maslows power structure Maslows hierarchy of deficiencys. From Low to high.1. Physiological- food, water, shelter, bodily needs2. Safety- protection from emotional and physical harm3. Social- affection, belongingness, friends4. Esteem- self respect, autonomy, recognition, attention5. Self actualization- achieving full potential, grow thAs each need becomes satisfied the next need becomes dominant. A substantial satisfied need no longer motivates. High order needs internally satisfied such as social , esteem, and self actualization. Low order needs externally and psychotic and safety needs. Extrinsic rewards such as pay tends to decrease motivation for something that was immanentally rewarding.Extrinsic rewards given to someone performing an interesting task causes interest in the task. Two factor theory intrinsic factors such as advancement, recognition, responsibility, and achievement, are related to job satisfaction and extrinsic factors such as supervision, pay, lodge policies, and working conditions are associated with dissatisfaction. Hygiene factors these factors are conditions surrounding the job low order needs and people complain about and in order to motivate people on the job hertzburg suggests to emphasize characteristics that people find intrinsically rewarding.Equity Theory- comparison of outco mes such as rewards and promotions, to inputs such as effort, skills, experience, and knowledge to others in the organization and then respond to eliminate any inequities. Inequity (under rewarded) low performance and over rewarded performance will increase.Job enrichment (vertical)- is the vertical expansion of jobs, increasing the degree to which the worker controls the planning, execution, and evaluation of his or her work. Expanding jobs vertically gives employees the opportunities, responsibilities, and controls that were previously reserved for management. Autonomy, feed back results, feedback channel, and recognizes individuals desire to grow.Job enlargement (horizontal)- is the idea to expand jobs, more tasks to work with, broaden the job. adroitness variety, task identity seeing the job getting fully done, task significance allows employees to form natural work units where asks they perform create meaningful whole.Employee Involvement Programs- allows orgs to focus on area s their workers know best. Gives sense of belonging, power, information, attitudes/values, and rewards move down the org, allows high needs to be satisfied, becoming motivated, committed, performance up, and satisfied. line of descent of sight things way too far away that decreased motivation.Expectancy Theory- belief that an employee will be motivated to exert effort when it will lead to good performance then reward and indeed satisfy its goals. Developed by Victor Vroom. Expectancy (effort performance) beliefThat effort will lead to good performance. Skills experience and performance clarity is satisfied. Instrumentality (performance reward) belief that good performance will lead to desired outcomes. Valence (reward personal goal) the degree to which org. rewards will satisfy your needs and how attractive they are intrinsic and extrinsic. motility to perform = expectancy, instrumental, valance.Gain Sharing- a formula based on group incentive plan. Focuses on productivity cos t saving rather than profits. Relies less on extrinsic factors. Gain can happen without profit.Skill based pay- pay levels are based on how many skills employees have. Technical, managerial, and social. Provides flexibility to perform diff. tasks and skills are interchangeable. Facilitates communication between people to gain better understanding of the jobs. Downside, no promotions and there are limitations to how much you can learn before you top out. Timed training rotation periodic shifting of an employee from one task to another. When employee becomes not challenged the employee is changed to maintain motivation levels high.Trait Theory- differs leaders from non-leaders. By looking at personal qualities to traits. plant life well when in no structure or ambiguous teams. Leaders are born not made. Emergence of leadership rather than the leaders effect on performance. They have to be ambitious, energy, honesty, integrity, high self monitors. However, the theory may not work beca use fails to clarify the importance of different traits. Not a drop dead cause and effect relationship.Behavior Theories- assumes that leaders can be trained and the goal here is to develop potential leaders. The problem with these theories is that effective behaviors do not generalize across situations. Ohio studies 2 dimensions initiating structure extent to which a leader is likely to define goals and expectations. Leaders focus is task. Consideration the extent to which a leader has a relation with employees, trust, respect for ideas, and feelings. The leader is people oriented and focused on the employees.

Transgenderism and homosexuality in Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Iran and Iraq Essay Example for Free

Trans sexism and homo intimateity in capital of Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Iran and Iraq EssayIntroductionIn this composing I get out address the issues of transgenderism and homo internality. These issues atomic number 18 preferably controversial and attitude to them is different in different countries of the world. It should be mentioned that attitude to k at presentledgeable minorities is different in different countries of the world and varied though time.Brief draught of the Homo sexual and Transgender IssuesThe first question nether(a) discussion is the homosexual dealings. We contribute observe a cracking number of laws, intended to regulate the relations surrounded by people of the same sex. In some countries this is depended quite acceptable. People of the same sex be stool d experience allowed to marry intelligently and even adopt children. In the some other communities the attitude to the same-sex relations is completely different and homosexuals c an even be punish with the oddment penalty for their homosexual conduct. The fist laws on same-sex relations date back to 600 BC in antediluvian patriarch Crete and Sparta. These were the first laws allowing adult men to participate in the same sex relations (Rothblatt, 1995).In the absolute majority of the wolframern cultures same-sex relations ar meetd and calling a person a gay or a lesbian can be considered even sufficient enough for a libel lawsuit, like this happened in case of Jason Donovan and Liberace, who won the case against the newspaper calling them gays (Rothblatt, 1995).However, we cant say that homosexual relations are al rooms tolerated. The first laws against same-sex relations date back to 550 BC, when homosexuals were called Leviticus and punished with the decease penalty. Many scholars holding this difference in attitudes to a distinction between Judaism and Paganism. Pagan organized religions unremarkably consider same-sex relations to be normal, while Judaism, Christianity and Islam blame people for the same-sex relations.One much issue under discussion in this paper is transgenderism, which can be briefly defined as a social movement, which is intended to support transgender objurgates and get along self-esteem of transgender people.One more definition, which Id like to mention, is the one proposed by Martine Rothblatt in her deem Apartheid of Sex, where she defines transgenderism as a grassroots political movement seeking transgender rights and affirming transgender pride (Rothblatt, 1995). On the other hand, transgenderism, is usually used to de none a phenomenon of gender identity disorder. This definition is supported by the global Journal of Transgenderism.Transsexualism is also a subject matter of the study in this paper. It is usually defined as a condition, when individuals identify themselves with the physical sex different from the one of their birth. After the sexual revolution in Western Europe, which took plac e in the end of 20th century transsexualism became a recognized nonion, however, in umteen other countries of the world it is shut away a taboo due to the religious and cultural norms accepted in the definite country (Lang, 1997).Quite close to the notion of transsexualism is the notion of transvestism, which is defined as a coif of cross- book binding, when a person wears the cloths of the resistance sex and thus associates him/herself with the individual of the opposite sex.Transgenderism and Homosexuality in the meat eastwardIt should be mentioned that attitude to homosexuals, transgender people and transvestites differ from country to country. While the attitude to them in the West European cultures is quite moderate, easterly cultures usually do not accept them. This is colossally due to the great influence of religion on the lives of all people. Islam has harsher rules concerning the sexual life of individuals be it people with traditional sexual predilection, transge nder people or homosexuals. A lot depends also on the position of the political science and their attitude to sexual minorities.The issues of transgenderism and queerness are quite different, which leads even to different attitudes towards them base on the Quran interpretation.The Quran considers orgasm males in lust, as well as the castration of males, as the sin of the people of Lot (Quran 781, 26165-166, 2755, 2928-29). On the other hand its quite acceptable under the Quran to use as passive sex partners the ancient category of men who by record privationed desire for women, since such men were not considered male due to the concomitant that they lacked of arousal for women. These kinds of men are often known as gays today, yet in the ancient world they were identified as anatomically whole natural eunuchs (Malik, 2007).Also these men, who lack arousal for women, are called ghair oolaa il-irbati min ar-rijaali (Quran2431) which translates as without the define skill of ma les (Malik, 2007). These men are by Islam allowed to see cleaning lady naked. Islam is extremely against a spell visual perception any part of a woman if they are not directly related or wed, to the extent where, in some translations, the woman has to even cover her hair with a scarf. This only proves the fact that Islam doesnt consider these individuals as me. They belong to their own category, which is not is not regulated by the rules of the Quran.The reason of impermissible attitude of the Quran to homosexual relations lies in the interpretation of marriage. Muslim people strongly trust in heterosexual marriage, and do not accept sexual activity before marriage between a man and woman. Since there cant be any marriage between the persons belong to the same sex, sexual relations between a man and man or woman and woman are also prohibited.As a result many Muslim Middle Eastern nations consider LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender) issues as a horror which is punishe d by fines or by imprisonment. In some countries homosexuality is even punished by the end penalty. Examples of such countries are Afghanistan, Iran, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia and Yemen (Brown, 2005).Some researchers apologize why nations of the Middle East do not accept sexual minorities in the following way many Middle Eastern nations did not gain full independence until the 1960s1970s and those nations that were interrelated and independent were focused on foreign policy conflicts and economic development. (Brown, 2005). yet, most Middle Eastern nations were authoritarian regimes based on Islamic fundamentalism. Thus gay citizens had weeny or no unaffectionate democratic institutions to openly influence public policy. Political parties or organized were prohibited. Moderate nations that allowed for some story of political and social freedom neer extended to any challenge to the laws and opinion regarding sexual orientation (Brown, 2005).In this paper I will consi der in more detail the issues associated with homosexuality and transgenderism in four countries of the Middle East, namely Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Iran and Iraq.Transgender and Homosexual Issues in KuwaitThe fist country, which I will analyze in regard with its attitude to LGBT issues, is Kuwait. It should be mentioned that the attitude of Kuwaiti people towards sexual minorities is slackly shaped by Islam and the judicature. Kuwait is 85% Muslim (Central Intelligence Agency, 2007). As it was already mentioned Islam does not tolerate homosexuality and in some cases transgenderism is associated as homosexual behavior as well.The other factor, which influences the attitude to LGBTs, is the judicature. Kuwait is a constitutional emirate, (Central Intelligence Agency, 2007) functioning under authoritative document that contains all the laws determining the trading trading operations and limits of that government. Also, the Kuwaiti government is a government where power and the final word belongs to the emir ( roughly translated as prince, but means the ruler of the state). moreover, the legal system is a civil law system with Islamic law significant in person-to-person matters(Central Intelligence Agency, 2007). This technically means that Islamic laws would interfere with personal issues such as a persons sexual orientation.Homosexuality in Kuwait is culpable and punished (International human being and Lesbian Human Rights Commission, 2002). An example of such an incident where homosexuality was punished and discriminated against occurred in February 2005, where the police charged a group of 28 alleged homosexuals with creating a public disturbance subsequently they met outside a fast-food restaurant.On October 27, police raided a party where homosexuals were allegedly celebrating a wedding. On declination 10, the legislative committee of the National Assembly unanimously approved a law to impose a fine of $3,450 (1,000 dinars) and/or one years imprisonm ent for those imitating the opposite sex (Reports and Musings from the Veteran Gay and AIDS Human Rights Advocate, 2007).In the case of transgender, however, the attitude is a bit milder. Thus, the legal stand is that it is sequester to treat transgender people medically if it possible. But in some cases the problem of a transgender person is precisely denied.The Kuwaiti court recently had a case where a 25 year old man who underwent a sex change operation cherished to be regarded as a woman. This ruling was upturned by the court under the belief that God decides gender and humans shake up no right to change it.Ahmed is still a man, and the operation he had does not change the way he was created, even if it changed the way he looks to others, said Mohammed al-Tabtabai, the dean of Kuwaits Sharia College (Kuwait transsexual fighting for recognition, 2004)Transgenderism is still unclear and questionable when it comes to the law and the government, in society, however, it is clea rly unaccepted. An example of this can be seen from an interview with a cross dressing kuwaiti male. In reference to his family, this cross dressing kuwaiti male says that,They (his parents) tolerated me as a child, intellection it was a result of growing up in an all-girls family. Eventually as I got older, they kicked me out of the house, but agreed to pay for my education abroad. They said what Im doing is extremely shameful, and while they love and business concern about me, they can no longer be seen with me. They dont like the embarrassment.I left(a) right away, it was very hurtful. I was very dependent on my mother. I was also hurt because my sisters didnt help me when I thought they would. They are also embarrassed with me because students used to make fun of them at school, when they would pick me up from class (Interview with a Kuwaiti transsexual, 2007).Furthermore, in reference to teachers, he said They never helped me when others teased me. They treated me like I was a mentally ill child whenever Id request their help. I would play with the girls in the playground and the girls used to complain that its a adept for girls game. Teachers would pick me up and throw me out (Interview with a Kuwaiti transsexual, 2007). Finally, In reference to his peers, they were the harshest. He state I wish it was just teasing. I was beaten and very humiliated. After I came house with a broken arm and nose, it was too dangerous for me to go to public school, so my parents forced me to switch to home schooling (Interview with a Kuwaiti transsexual, 2007).Although they are treated badly by society and the government, homosexuals and transsexuals actually take a stand and fight for their rights. Kuwaiti transsexuals and homosexuals exact applied for a permit to form their own association. They are hoping to get some protection from Kuwait law especially after the Kuwaiti sevens (Majles al Umma) decreed laws that criminalize changing to the third sex. (Improvisa tions Arab Woman Progressive Voice, 2007)Transgender and Homosexual Issues in Saudi ArabiaThe other country under discussion is Saudi Arabia, which is degree centigrade% Muslim. Its government type is a monarchy, under which all the power belongs to the monarch who controls the entire state. This monarchy is very strict and very harsh. Furthermore, the legal system in Saudi Arabia is based on the Sharia law, which is all based on a very strict version of Islam (Central Intelligence Agency, 2007).Saudi Arabia takes Islam to the extreme, to the point where the position of a woman is almost illegal. They are not allowed to walk out of the house without covering up, so one can only imagine the lack of tolerance Saudi Arabia would mother for homosexuals.Homosexuality is atrociously punished, in some cases even with the death penalty. Moreover, the death penalty is carried out in a barbaric manner. In Saudi Arabia it is still accepted to stone homosexuals to death. An example of such a barbaric incidence occurred 7 years ago when the Saudi government imprisoned nine Saudi men and lashed them for engaging in cross-dressing and homosexual acts. Moreover, they punish three Yemeni male workers for homosexuality and child molestation.In addition, in April 2005, the government imprisoned a hundred men because they were at a private party that was most probably a same-sex wedding ceremony or a birthday party. Yet, not long after a gay foreign couple was sentenced to death for homosexuality and allegedly killing a man who was blackmailing them for homosexuality (Reports, stories and information for gay men in Saudi Arabia, 2007).The other accident of the death penalty for homosexual behavior happened in 1996, when one Saudi man was beheaded for homosexual behavior (Gay Marriagein Saudi Arabia? 2007).The attitude to transgenderism in Saudi Arabia is a bit different. The government also does not tolerate it, however, permits surgery for intersex people in case it is prov en that this is a mental disorder. Saudi Arabia does not allow surgery for transsexuals, but permits operations on people with an intersex condition (Usher, 2007).An extreme example of such surgeries took place to five sisters who wanted to change their sex to male. The doctor carrying out the surgery stressed that he just made gender correction rather than sex change operations. This doctor, Dr Jamal has preformed has performed over 200 sex change operations. However, as he states most of the operations were performed were on androgynous babies. Saudi Arabian, Dr Jamal, emphasized that these five girls were actually inter-sexed, and he would never perform surgery on people with normal genitalia but wanted to belong to the opposite sex, because as he states Islam did not allow people to change what God had created (Usher, 2007).Transvestism is severely punished. For example, Saudi man was given 200 lashes and 6 months in prison for cross dressing at a wedding party (Saudis check-ou t procedure 5 Pakistani TGs, 1998).Transgender and Homosexual Issues in IranThe other country, which is would like to let on regarding its attitude to LGBT issues, is Iran. The attitude to sexual minorities here is ambiguous. On the one hand homosexuality is punished by death on the other hand, Iran is the country, which legally performs sex change operations in the word.Iran is 98% Muslim (Central Intelligence Agency, 2007). Its legal system is based on Sharia law, and its government is a theocratic republic, which is a form of government controlled by religious authority. Moreover, there is a Deity who is considered the supreme civil ruler, and his laws taken by the mullahs (Central Intelligence Agency, 2007)Basically Iran is an extremely Muslim state, which explains completely the intolerable attitude of people and government to homosexuality. All sexual relations that occur outside of a traditional, heterosexual marriage (i.e. sodomy or adultery) are illegal and no legal disti nction is made between consensual or non-consensual sexual activity. Homosexual relations that occur between consenting adults in private are a crime and carry a maximum punishment of death (LGBT Rights in Iran, 2007).In addition, there are no civil rights legislation that exist in that disallow discrimination against homosexuals, and only negative depictions of homosexuality are allowed in the press. The concept of sexual orientation is not recognized in Iran, nor does the judiciary acknowledge the earthly concern of LGBT people and instead believes that all people are normally heterosexual.Thus, they claim that homosexuality is a infraction of the supreme will of their God. As a result, no laws exist that protect LGBT Iranians from discrimination, harassment, or bias-motivated violence, and as a theocratic political system, no such laws are permitted to exist. Most Iranian LGBT people remain in the closet about their sexual orientation for fear of being the victims of discrimina tion, hate crimes, government sanctions, corporal punishment, and/or capital punishment.Male homosexuality is a crime punished by death, The way they are killed is usually barbaric, but ultimately decided by the Sharia judge. All homosexuals are punished by death unless they are not sane or are not adult. Juveniles who are accused and proved to have engaged in homosexual behavior are punishment with 74 lashes. (Articles 108 to 113) This is proved by acknowledgment or by the testimony of four righteous men only and not women.Different homosexuals acts have different levels of punishment. For instance Tafhiz, which is the rubbing of the thighs or buttocks, done by ii men is punished with 100 lashes. If this act is repeated four times thusly they will be punished with the death penalty. (Articles 121 and 122). Furthermore If two men simply stand naked under one cover together without cutaneous senses or anything, they are punished with up to 99 lashes. If one man kisses another in a sexual way they are punishment with 60 lashes. (Articles 123 and 124).As for adolescents, in 2007 two teenagers have been executed for homosexual behavior, (LGBT Rights in Iran, 2007) even is this goes against the law stated earlier.Female homosexuality is punished less severely. Thus, women are usually punished with 100 lashes. However if the act is repeated more than three times then they will be punished with death. Women who stand naked under one cover without touching or any farther acts of lust and are not relatives are punished with 100 lashes. (Article 134) (LGBT Rights in Iran, 2007). documentary life examples that occurred in Iran of punishing homosexual behavior according to The Boroumand Foundation exceed 107 executions between 1979 and 1990. Moreover according to Amnesty International, at least 5 people convicted of homosexual tendencies, three men and two women, were executed in January 1990, as a result of the Iranian governments policy of calling for the execution of those who place homosexuality. However, transsexuals are considered completely normal, greatly due to the fact that since 1980s transexuality is considered an illness that can be correct by surgery (LGBT Rights in Iran, 2007).Iran has between 15,000 and 20,000 transsexuals, according to official statistics. In addition Iran has more sex change operations than any country in the world next to Thailand. These operations have been legal since Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, leader of the Islamic revolution, passed a fatwa legalizing them nearly 25 years ago, under the fact that the Quran says cypher about sex change operations for those who need them. Transsexuality is considered an illness, while an operation is the cure. Furthermore, not only does the government allow sex change operations, they fund it as well as the hormone therapy needed.An example of a transgendered person in Iran Mahyar. As a small child Mahyar liked dressing up in womens clothes and playing with make-up. This obsession did not die, in fact it only increased over time, and as she got older she stated that I badly needed to do it but it had to be in secret, and now she wants to have a sex-change operation.Transgender and Homosexual Issues in IraqFinally, Id like to discuss one more country Iraq. It should be mentioned that homosexuality was considered legal in Iraq under Saddam Hussein until late 2001. However, ulterior the attitude towards it changed and became stricter due to the pressure from religious conservatives. Under the law passed in 2001 homosexuality was punished by imprisonment, and repeated convictions were defined to be punishable even by death.However, there were still no cases when homosexuals were punished with the death penalty. Hussein did not consider homosexuality to be a crime due to the fact that it was against the Secular Socialist beliefs of the Baath Party. Now the legal status of homosexuality is still a matter of severe dispute. Thus, we can see that homosex uality is not illegal in Iraq de jure, but still remains a taboo (Brown, 2005)The legal basis of Iraq concerning homosexual and transgender issues is quite controversial. On the one hand Iraq does not have a definite criminal or penal code concerning these issues. On the other hand this does not mean that sexual minorities have the same rights as people with traditional sexual orientation. This controversy arises from the inner controversy in the country. Thus, Iraq was a secular socialist dictatorship, but its life is generally ruled by the fundamentalist Islam.One prove of the intolerable attitude of the public towards sexual minorities can be seen in the event, which took place in 1993. Then Iraqs United Nations representatives opposed the International Lesbian Gay Associations application, when the latter(prenominal) tried to apply for consultative status as a non-governmental organization. The explanation of this act was simple based on our firm belief that the work of this or ganization runs counter to the beliefs of all divine religions. (Brown, 2005).ConclusionsSo, as we can see the attitude to sexual minorities in Iraq is milder than in the other countries of the Middle East but still it is quite severe if compared with the Western Europe. Still the problem of treating homosexual and transgender issues exists. This is greatly because of the strong influence of the religion on the public and political life of the country. As Islam is quite a strict religion concerning the sexual life of the people, it makes the situation of the sexual minorities really hard. However, as we can see little by little homosexuals and transgender people still gain their rights and probably in the future their position in the Middle East will not be that dangerous.ReferencesBrown, Edward TJ. (2005). Iraq Sexual Orientation, Human Rights and the Law. Online. addressable from http//www.sodomylaws.org/world/iraq/iqnews003.htm 30 November 2007. Central newsworthiness agency. The world factbook. Online. in stock(predicate) from https//www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ku.htmlPeople 30 November 2007.Improvisations Arab Woman Progressive Voice. News and Commentary on Arab Women, Palestine, Cultural Politics, and Everything in Between. Online. Available from http//arabwomanprogressivevoice.blogspot.com/2007/09/kuwaiti-boyaats-seek-to-unite.html 30 November 2007.International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission (2002). Kuwait. lieu of Sexual Minorities. Amnesty International Report. Middle East and North Africa.Interview with a Kuwaiti transsexual. Online. Available from http//www.mideastyouth.com/2007/07/21/interview-with-a-kuwaiti-transsexual 30 November 2007.Kuwait transsexual fighting for recognition. (2004). Online. Available from http//mostlyafrica.blogspot.com/2004/11/kuwait-transsexual-fighting-for.html 30 November 2007.Lang, Sabine. (1997). Two-Spirit People inherent American Gender Identity, Sexuality, and Spirituality . University of Illinois Press.LGBT Rights in Iran. Online. Available from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Iran_note-7 30 December 2007.Malik, Faris. Queer Sexuality and Identity in the Quran and Hadith. Online. Available from http//www.well.com/user/aquarius/Qurannotes.htm 30 December 2007.Reports and Musings from the Veteran Gay and AIDS Human Rights Advocate. Online. Available from http//mpetrelis.blogspot.com/ 30 November 2007.Reports, stories and information for gay men in Saudi Arabia Online. Available from http//www.gaymiddleeast/country/saudiarabia 30 November 2007.Rothblatt, Martine (1995). Apartheid of Sex. Westview Press.Saudis Arrest 5 Pakistani TGs. (1998). PlanetOut Corporation.Usher, Sebastian. Gender correction for Saudi girls. Online. Available from http//news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3814041.stm 30 November 2007.

Virtual Leader Essay Example for Free

Virtual Leader EssayAccording to the book, management is the process of working with and through others to turn over organizational objectives efficiently and ethically, as well as effectively. Before we started to learn the class material and in the lead the Virtual Leader trick began, I thought that managing others would not be also difficult. I principally thought that with berth came power, but as we learned in class this is not the case. My initial erudition was that employees under music directors would comply with their managers requests without much hesitation since the manager would automatically have reward, coercive, and decriminalize power. The Virtual Leader scenario was quite a learning experience as I was not too good at it to begin with. Beginning with scenario 1, I struggled getting Oli to accomplish the tasks that I wanted him to do. horizontal though I (Corey) was new to the company, I thought that I could get my ideas passed more(prenominal) easily since I was Olis manager. My pure authority over him was not enough to convince him easily. At the beginning of the simulation, Oli is observably overqualified and underpaid for his position and is showing little respect for his new manager.I learned after running the simulation multiple times that you have to give and take with Oli. If you go for his ideas and encourage him, then he is more likely to support your ideas. You also have to keep him under control and negatively influence him if he was encouraging wrong ideas. As I did the next scenarios, I tried to apply original lead manner of using my authority to try and carry on my ideas through. Again, this was unsuccessful. As the scenarios continued and I (Corey) was no womb-to-tomb the highest position, my overpowering approach again proved to be the wrong approach.For example, I could not exercise my accredited power in scenario 3 with Herman and Will because they were both superior to me in terms of position. I had to position my style as I did in scenario 1, and gain support from others by supporting them. These adjustments of my leadership style according to the situation is an example of the contingency leadership approach that we learned about in class. I especially had to change my leadership behavior in scenario 4 because I had the least amount of authority in the meeting.I had to take more of a back seat and wait for the other 3 members to bring up different ideas, support others ideas so I could gain their support, and then finally push my ideas such as Keep Nortic Vendors. My original assumptions of legitimate power is all a leader inevitably and that the best way to accomplish a task or an idea is to just keep push it without listening and supporting others is what made it difficult for me to achieve high scores relatively quickly.After analyzing my flaws and realizing what I was doing wrong, it made me realize that I should have been using the exact same leadership style that my ant ecedent employer and CEO of The Motley Fool implements. As I noticed while sitting in during a meeting last summer, he did not do much of the talking. He would merely listen to and support others ideas that he liked and then propose his ideas once the time was right. Even once he proposed the ideas he would let other members in the meeting discuss his ideas first to get a sense of others opinions on it, and would then elaborate.If I had to guess, he would be brilliant at Virtual Leader. Virtual Leader rightfully made me realize that leadership is more of a give and take relationship between the manager and his/her employees instead of an overpowering relationship. Employees do not want to be bullied and told what to do all the time, they want a leader who can encourage them and ultimately steer the company in the right direction, no proposition where the ideas come from.