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Chapter 7 Review Question 3 3Q) How do the net income and mesh technology work, and how do they support talk and e-business? Ans) The net profit is a universal communicate of networks that uses the node/server model of computing and the transmission control protocol/IP network reference model. any computer on the Internet is assigned a unique numeric IP address. The res publica defecate System (DNS) converts IP addresses to more substance ab exploiter-friendly domain stirs. landwide Internet policies be established by organizations and government bodies, such(prenominal) as the Internet Architecture Board (IAB) and the World Wide clear pond (W3C). Define the Internet, describe how it works, and explain how it provides business value. The Internet has become the worlds most extensive, human beings communication system that now rivals the global telephone system in r each(prenominal) and range. Most homes and elflike businesses connect to the Internet by subscribing t o an Internet service e provider. An Internet service provider (ISP) is a commercial organization with a permanent connection to the Internet that sells temporary connections to retail subscribers. Explain how the Domain Name System (DNS) and IP addressing system work.It would be incredibly difficult for Internet users to remember strings of 12 numbers the Domain Name System (DNS) converts domain names to IP addresses. The domain name is the English-like name that corresponds to the unique 32-bit numeric IP address for each computer connected to the Internet. DNS servers maintain a database containing IP addresses mapped to their corresponding domain names. To access a computer on the Internet, users need only find out its domain name. DNS has a hierarchical structure. At the top of the DNS hierarchy is the informant domain.The child domain of the root is called a top-level domain, and the child domain of a top-level domain is called is a second-level domain. The Internet is based on the TCP/IP networking protocol suite. Every computer on the Internet is assigned a unique Internet Protocol (IP) address, which currently is a 32-bit number represented by four strings of numbers ranging from 0 to 255 separated by periods. When a user sends a means to another user on the Internet, the message is first decomposed into packets using the TCP protocol. Each packet contains its destination address.The packets are then sent from the client to the network server and from there on to as many other servers as necessary to derive at a specific computer with a known address. At the destination address, the packets are reassembled into the veritable message. List and describe the principal Internet services. A client computer connecting to the Internet has access to a variety of services. These services include e-mail, electronic discussion groups, chatting and instant messaging, Telnet, File conveyance Protocol (FTP), and the Web. netmail E-mail enables messages to be exchanged from computer to computer, with capabilities for routing messages to multiple recipients, forwarding messages, and attaching text documents or multimedia files to messages. Although some organizations fail their own internal electronic mail systems, most e-mail today is sent through the Internet. The be of e-mail is far lower than equivalent voice, smirchal, or overnight delivery approachs, making the Internet a very inexpensive and rapid communications medium. ChattingMany workplaces lose employees communicating interactively using chat or instant messaging tools. Chatting enables two or more people who are simultaneously connected to the Internet to hold live, interactive conversations. Chat systems now support voice and video chat as wholesome as written conversations. Many online retail businesses offer chat services on their Web sites to commit visitors, to encourage repeat purchases, and to improve customer service. Instant Messaging Instant messaging is a in stance of chat service that enables participants to create their own hole-and-corner(a) chat channels.The instant messaging system alerts the user whenever someone on his or her private list is online so that the user bath initiate a chat session with other individuals. Instant messaging systems for consumers include Yahoo Messenger, Google Talk, and Windows Live Messenger. Companies concerned with trade protection use proprietary instant messaging systems such as Lotus Sametime. News Groups Newsgroups are planetary discussion groups posted on Internet electronic bulletin boards on which people share reading and ideas on a defined topic, such as radiology or rock bands.Anyone can post messages on these bulletin boards for others to read. Many thousands of groups exist that discuss almost all conceivable topics. File Transfer Protocol(FTP) Transferring files from one computer to another computer. These files can be transferred through internet by using communication software pro ducts like chatting, instant messaging and many. Web The Web is the most popular Internet service. Its a system with universally accepted standards for storing, retrieving, formatting, and displaying information using client/server architecture.Web rascals are formatted using hypertext with embedded links that connect documents to one another and that in addition link pages to other objects, such as sound, video, or animation files. When you click a graphic and a video clip plays, you have clicked a hyperlink. Define and describe VoIP and virtual private networks, and explain how they provide value to businesses. The Internet has also become a popular platform for voice transmission and corporate networking. Voice over IP (VoIP) technology delivers voice information in digital form using packet switching, avoiding the tolls charged by local and long-distance telephone networks.Calls that would ordinarily be transmit over public telephone networks fit over the corporate network b ased on the Internet Protocol, or the public Internet. Voice calls can be made and received with a computer equipped with a microphone and speakers or with a VoIP-enabled telephone. Although there are up-front investments required for an IP phone system, VoIP can reduce communication and network management costs by 20 to 30 percent. A Virtual Private Network (VPN) is a secure, encrypted, private network that has been configured within a public network to take advantage of the economies of cale and management facilities of full-size networks, such as the Internet). A VPN provides your firm with secure, encrypted communications at a much lower cost than the same capabilities offered by traditional non-Internet providers who use their private networks to secure communications. VPNs also provide a network infrastructure for combining voice and data networks. Several competing protocols are used to protect data transmitted over the public Internet, including Point-to-Point Tunneling Pr otocol (PPTP). List and describe alternative ways of locating information on the Web.The various alternative ways of locating information on the Web are namely bet Engines Search engines attempt to solve the problem of finding recyclable information on the Web some instantly, and, arguably, they are the killer app of the Internet era. Todays search engines can sift through hypertext mark-up language files, files of Microsoft Office applications, PDF files, as well as audio, video, and image files. There are hundreds of different search engines in the world, but the vast majority of search results are supplied by three top providers Google, Yahoo and Microsofts Bing search engine. Intelligent Agent Shopping Bots Shopping bots use intelligent agent software for hard-hitting the Internet for shopping information. Shopping bots such as MySimon or Google Product Search can avail people interested in making a purchase filter and retrieve information intimately products of interest , evaluate competing products according to criteria the users have established, and negotiate with vendors for price and delivery terms.Many of these shopping agents search the Web for price and availability of products specified by the user and returns a list of sites that sell the item along with price information and a purchase link. Web-Blogs A web log, the popular term for a Weblog, is a personal Web site that typically contains a series of chronological entries (newest to oldest) by its author, and links to related Web pages. The blog may include a blog roll (a collection of links to other blogs) and trackbacks (a list of entries in other blogs that refer to a post on the first blog WikisWikis, in contrast, are collaborative Web sites where visitors can add, delete, or modify contented on the site, including the work of previous authors. Wiki software typically provides a template that defines layout and elements common to all pages, displays user-editable software program c ode, and then renders the content into an HTML-based page for display in a Web browser. Social Networking Social networking sites enable users to build communities of friends and professional colleagues.Members each typically create a profile, a Web page for posting photos, videos, MP3 files, and text, and then share these profiles with others on the service identified as their friends or contacts. Social networking sites are highly interactive, offer real-time user control, rely on user-generated content, and are broadly based on social participation and sharing of content and opinions. Compare Web 2. 0 and Web 3. 0. Web 2. 0 facilitates interaction between web users and sites, so it allows users to interact more freely with each other.Web 2. 0 encourages participation, collaboration, and information sharing. This web 2. 0 is also called as Second generation World Wide Web. Examples of Web 2. 0 applications are Youtube, Wiki, Flickr, Facebook, and so on. This is also termed as re ad-write web . Web 3. 0 is also called as Semantic web which means web for the future. In Web 3. 0, computers can interpret information like humans and intelligently generate and distribute useful content tailored to the needs of users. Web 3. 0 is known as the Third generation of World Wide Web.With the help of Web 3. 0, web content was easily carried in the form of pictorial language. It also consist of micro formats, natural language search, recommendation agents which are commonly known as AI i. e. Artificial Intelligence. One example of Web 3. 0 is Tivo, a digital video recorder. Its preserve program can search the web and read what it finds to you based on your preferences. Reference Kenneth C. Laudon , Jane P. Laudon Management information System managing the digital firm 12th Edition. Page numbers 251 274